Ketokmagic

Friday, December 16, 2016

Mouse

The computer mouse is a hardware belonging to the input device (input). The function of a computer mouse is set the cursor movement quickly, and also to give an order by simply pressing a button on a computer mouse. Within this mouse device, there is a small ball that will capture mouse movements and transfer electrical signals to the processing device (CPU). Thus, a computer mouse can quickly perform performance as an input device.

Here you can see some of the computer mouse functions:

Give commands to the computer by moving the mouse in the special surface computer mouse (Mouse Pad).
Shows the location of the node exit on the screen.
Conducting enter a command called: click, double (double click), click hold and drag (drag and drop click), and right-click.
Scrolling the screen to see all parts of the program that is being opened by moving the scroll wheel.
Accelerate and facilitate the work of graphic design, gaming and so on.
Controls the visual objects.
Enabling the command button and perform commands on an application.
Zooming in and out the worksheet.
Transfer the electronic signals from the movement of the mouse leading to the processing device. And many more.

How to Make a Computer Network LAN

Febri

To be able to connect between computers, usually using a LAN network cable media. If the LAN network only consists of two computers we will only need a UTP cable by the connector at both ends.

Connector we can get in a computer store, while a good idea to adjust the cable length distance between the location of one computer to another computer.

Meanwhile, if we connect the computer to be in excess of two, then we will need an additional device that is often called Switch or HUB. And to make computers can communicate with each other.

Then each computer must lan given the IP address of each. To verify whether the LAN computer network is successful, then we must examine one by one to the entire computer.

LAN computer network created not without purpose, but as a medium for the exchange of data / information, using resources at the same time within a computer network, as well as communication between computer users, and share the Internet connection that can be done easily and quickly.

COMPUTER NETWORK LAN

Febri

In general, a computer network can be divided into three types, namely LAN (Local Area Network), MAN (Metropolitan Area Network), and the latter is a WAN (Wide Area Network). But we shall see this time is a computer network that has the smallest range diatara three, namely LAN (Local Area Network).

Computer Network LAN is a computer network that consists of a few things to computers that have a limited range in a relatively narrow area. LAN network example that we often encounter is the LAN network in the cafe, library, Lab School, and others.

LAN computer networks in general are mutually muntuk network used to connect multiple computers into a single entity in order to share data and resources such as a printer, scanner, modem at the same time.

Network LAN LAN is also divided into traditional and modern LAN. The most fundamental difference in this network is in terms of speed of operation. Traditional LAN networks have a level of operating speeds range from 10 up to 100 Mbps (megabytes / second).

While modern LAN network have an average speed that far surpasses it, which can reach speeds of up to hundreds of Mbps.

Fifth Generation Computer

Febri

Fifth generation computers are currently being carried out by various vendors electronically. Yes, the fifth generation computer is often referred to as the next generation computer. Some small evidence is the emergence of smartphones, tablets, phablet, netbook, ultrabook, and lots more.

The next development is a computer tool that can be run without having to use physical contact (touching), but use your brain. Then, will the fifth generation computer is realized? Only time that can answer.

Fourth Generation Computers

Febri

In this generation, which uses computer chip IC later developed. Very Large Scale Integration company trying to do the development in the 1980s. As a result, a single chip can hold thousands of components.

From here, the term "personal computer" or PC appears. That is, the computer began to be marketed to individual sectors. Do not stop there, there arose a computer device that is easy to carry anywhere, the Laptop.

Third Generation Computers

Febri

In use, the transistors make computer faster heat. Thus, the second generation of computers becoming obsolete. Then a scientist named Jack Billy tried to do some research. Then in 1958, he created the components are more sophisticated than the transistors that make fast computer last summer. Namely IC, or integrated circuit tiny chip that can accommodate many components into one.

By doing so, the size of computers become smaller. Also, the third-generation sector is also faster operating system and capable of running multiple programs simultaneously.

Second Generation Computers

Febri

An important discovery has occurred in this second generation. Is a transistor, a powerful tool that can maximize computer performance with a very small size. The discovery of these tools affect the development of computers in the second generation. In the 1960s, scientists tried to work on the second generation of computers.

Some agencies, corporations, universities, and the government has been to leverage the power of second generation computers. The essence of the invention are the second generation of transistors, which made the second generation is smaller than the first generation.

First Generation Computers

Febri

The device was first developed computer is the computer to design airplanes and missiles. Scientists who carried out the development concept was Konrad Zuse, a German engineer. Then, in the mid-1940s, the computer is experiencing further development conducted by John von Neuman.

The main characteristic of first-generation computer is the CPU. Yes, "central processing unit" contained in the first generation of computers was the first machine that is used to operate the entire system in a computer. While the main program contained in the first generation of computers is the "machine language".

Computer History

Febri

Computer history begins with the discovery of Charles Babbage important form of calculators. Thanks to his discovery, he was known as the most influential scientists in the development of computers. Then, calculators were developed more gradually until now created a sophisticated device called computer.

Stages in the development of so-called next-generation computers. There are five generations of computers, each of which has its own story. Thanks to the reliable hands of scientists and engineers at the time, the development of generation to generation seems so easy and organized.

Computers continue to be developed by the insertion of the latest innovations. Up to now, several leading companies working on high-tech computer with the computer name of the future.

CPU development

Febri

1. First Generation
ENIAC (Electrical and Computer Numeric Intregrator) manufactured by IBM in 1945. It is one of the "fathers" huge super computer that size. Just imagine, with a device consisting of 18,000 vacuum tubes, it takes an area of 18x8 square meters for its operations clicking! Almost half soccer fields.
The development of the first generation CPU continues with the birth of the EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) was the first large size computer used for business purposes in the 1951's.

2. Second Generation
Invention of the transistor in 1956 became the beginning of the revolution computer.Transistor replaced vacuum tubes in television, radio, and computers so that the size to be much smaller than sebelumnya.Transistor also create demand for electricity will be lower.
In this period became known programing.With language programming languages, computer started easily understood by many people because the term used to enter data no longer figures - binary numbers but has the form of text.
At this time, the computer more and more used for business purposes because this object has been able to perform the function - the function of a business transaction.

3. Third Generation
Found IC (Integrated Circuit) by Jack Kilby in 1960 became a milestone marker of the computer revolution, particularly the CPU.IC compensate for the shortcomings posed by the use of transistors on a CPU that makes a computer device quickly hot.
Although in many respects, the transistors outperform the vacuum tube, but transistors generate heat consumption is large enough to potentially damaging parts - the inside of the computer.
Quartz stone managed to overcome this problem. IC combined three electronic components in a small silicon disc made of sand power. then the scientists managed to condense a lot of CPU components into a single chip, called a semiconductor.
The discovery of the operating system as part of the software has also become an important marker of this generation.

4. Fourth Generation
Chip maker Intel 4004 in 1971 by Intel brought significant progress for the development of CPU. It was then that the incorporation of the various components of the previously separate CPU on the device becomes a reality. Components - components such as memory, bus, and the processor can be put together in just one small chip devices.
Computers are no longer as big as a football field or the size of the building and rooms. computers became much more mini. then in the early 1970s, computers began to be produced for all people, not just limited to big businesses.
If the previous CPU in a computer separate from the screen, laptop discovery in the early 1990s to change the paradigm that computer must be on the spot again tertentu.Apa that time the human need for a computer device that is easy to carry everywhere began meningkat.maka invention of laptops become very menggembirakan.Saat news that is integrated with the CPU start screen. The era of globalization is characterized by the revolution in the early 1990.Paradigma onternet human against computer objects more flexible again. thanks to Internet technology that allows various access to information, people increasingly want to travel around the world.
A growing trend hereinafter that the merging of the CPU with monitor, known as the Ipad tablet PC.contohnya is.

CPU ( Central Processing Unit )

Febri

Central Processing Unit (CPU) or the Indonesian central processing unit (UPS) is the main part in the form of computer hardware and the "brain" of the computer. CPU itself works just like a calculator that we use day - a day to count, but the CPU is much more sophisticated. CPU executes the instructions of a computer program to perform arithmetic operations, logical, and basic input / output system. The term has been used in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s. Shape, design, and implementation of CPUs have changed during their history, but their fundamental operation remains the same.

On large machines, CPUs require one or more circuit boards. On personal computers and small workstations, the CPU is placed in a single silicon chip called a microprocessor. Since the 1970s the microprocessor class of CPUs has almost completely taken over all other CPU implementations. Circuit modern large-scale integrated CPU usually less than four square centimeters, with hundreds of metal pins or interconnected.

Two typical components of a CPU is an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logic operations, and a control unit (CU), which lays out instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.

How it Works CPU:
When data and / or instructions put-processing devices, first of all placed in the MAA (via Input-storage); when the instruction is accommodated by the Control Unit in the program-storage, but when the data is accommodated in Working-storage). If the register is ready to accept the work execution, the Control Unit will take instruction from program-storage to be added to the Instruction Register, while the memory address containing the instruction stored in the program counter. The data collected by the Control Unit of Working-storage to be accommodated in General-purpose register (in this case the operand-register). If the work performed by instructions are arithmetic and logic, the ALU will take over the operation to perform based on the instruction set. The results are stored in the accumulator. When processing is complete, the Control Unit will take the result in the accumulator to be returned to Working-storage. If the whole operation has been completed, the Control Unit will pick up the processing of Working-storage to fit into the Output-storage. And then of Output-storage, processing results will be displayed to the output devices.

CPU functions:
CPU functions such as a calculator, only much more powerful CPU processing power. The main function of the CPU is to perform arithmetic and logic operations on the data retrieved from memory or from the information entered through some hardware, such as keyboard, scanner, lever control, and mouse. CPU controlled using a set of instructions the computer software. Such software can be run by the CPU to read from storage media, such as hard disks, floppy disks, compact discs, or tape recorder. Instructions are then stored in advance in the physical memory (MAA), which each instruction will be given a unique address called a memory address. Furthermore, the CPU can access data on the MAA to determine the address of the desired data.

When a program is executed, data flow from RAM to a unit called the bus, which connects the CPU with the MAA. The data is then decoded using a process known as the unit pendekoder instructions are capable of translating instruction. The data can then walk to the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) that perform calculations and comparisons. Data can be stored temporarily by the ALU in a memory location called registers that can be retrieved quickly to be processed. ALU can perform specific operations, including addition, multiplication, subtraction, testing the condition of data in the register, to send the results back to the processing of physical memory, storage media, or register if will process the results of further processing. During this process occurs, a unit inside the CPU called the program counter will monitor instruction successfully executed those instructions that can be executed in the proper sequence and appropriate.

What the ALU? ALU, or Arithmetic Logic Unit is a unit that is tasked to perform arithmetic operations and logic operations defined by instructions. ALU often called machine language because this part ALU consists of two parts, the unit arithmetika and boolean logic units, each of which has its own job specifications. The main task of the ALU is to perform all arithmetic calculations that occurs in accordance with the instruction program. ALU perform all arithmetic operations on the basis of the sum so that the electronic circuits used is called adder.
Besides ALU, CPU also consists of a Control Unit or Control Unit (CU)

The control unit is able to set the course of the program. This component is certainly present in all CPU. CPU in charge of controlling the computer so that there is synchronization between components work in carrying out operations functions. included in the control unit responsibility is to take only instructions from main memory and determines the type of instruction. If there are instructions for arithmetic or logic comparison, the control unit will send instructions to the ALU. The results of the processing of data carried by the control unit to the main memory to be stored, and the time will be presented to the output device. Thus the task of the control unit are:

Regulate and control the input device (input) and output (output).
Taking instructions from main memory.
Taking data from main memory (if necessary) to be processed.
Send instructions to the ALU if any arithmetic or logical comparisons, and oversees the work of the ALU.
Stores results to main memory.

Not all computational systems rely on a central processing unit. An array processor or vector processor has multiple parallel computational elements, with no one unit is considered as the "center". In a distributed computing model, this problem is solved by a set of processors are mutually distributed.

History and Understanding Photoshop

Febri

A PhD student at the University of Michigan that Thomas Knoll, in 1987 wrote a program on a Macintosh Plus to display grayscale images on a monochrome display. Together with his brother John Knoll who are also employees of Industrial Light & Magic, turn it into an image editor program. In 1988 the two sisters with the name change ImagePro. After that year, Thomas renamed his program into Photoshop and work in the short term with the scanner's manufacturer Barneyscan to distribute copies of the program with a slide scanner; "A total of about 200 copies of Photoshop has been sent".

During that time, John traveled to Silicon Valley in California and gave a demonstration of the program to engineers at Apple Computer Inc. and Russell Brown, art director at Adobe. The second demonstration was successful, and Adobe decided to purchase the license to distribute in September 1988. While John worked on plug-ins in California, Thomas remained in Ann Arbor writing program code. Photoshop 1.0 was released in 1990 for Macintosh.

Windows 10

Febri

Historical development of Windows 10

Windows 1.0 is a software 16-bit (not an operating system) running on top of MS-DOS (and some versions of MS-DOS), so it will not be able to walk without the DOS operating system. Recent versions of Windows (starting from version 4.0 and Windows NT 3.1) is an independent operating system that no longer depend on the operating system MS-DOS. Microsoft Windows and can be developed and can be controlled using the operating system up to 90%.

The operating system Windows 1.0 was released on November 20, 1985 and was first introduced on 10 November 1983 called Windows Graphic Environment 1.0. Microsoft made a model of a GUI after the advent of Apple's operating system with the name of the Mac OS. Bill Gates saw the prototype artificial Macintosh Steve Jobs first in 1981, and Microsoft together with Apple to make some software that works under Mac such as Word and Excel.windows also made to meet the needs of the computer to display images.Windows air is much in know a family of computer operating systems.

The Windows version has many shortcomings in some functionality, making it less popular in the market. At first Windows version 1.0 is going to be named by the Interface Manager, but Rowland Hanson, the head of marketing at Microsoft Microsoft to convince officials that the name Windows would be more appealing to consumers and consumers so interested in its use.

UBUNTU

Febri

History of Ubuntu

Ubuntu term derived from African languages, which means "Humanity To Neighbor". The Ubuntu operating system developed by a community sponsored by Canonical Ltd. owned by a South African entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth. If you've heard of Debian, one of the earlier types of Linux, then Ubuntu is derived from Debian. Therefore, for those who never used Linux Debian will feel familiar when adapting to the Ubuntu operating system.

Canonical launched the latest version of Ubuntu every six months. Category versions of Ubuntu to do with the writing of the serial number is based on the year and month of the launch version. For example, the first Ubuntu called Ubuntu Warty Warthog 4:10 since its launch in October 2004, Ubuntu called Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy Heron because it was launched in April 2008, Ubuntu called Ubuntu Lucid Linx 10.4 because it was launched in April 2010.

Ubuntu development

One mission is to become the operating system Ubuntu Ubuntu is the most stable, can be used all the users, and focused on usability and ease of installation. Who created the Ubuntu community now and will always be free in its distribution. Users do not need to pay the licensing fees as well as be able to download or download and share Ubuntu with smoking.

To ensure loyal Ubuntu users get all the needs are up to date, then the Ubuntu community provides service updates for each application. Ubuntu also ensure the safety of users by providing a security update facility regularly for at least 18 years. In addition, Ubuntu is also to launch a new series of Ubuntu every six months.

Ubuntu provides a variety of standard applications ubuntu work on the installation CD that can be used immediately after installation. However, if your work requires an application that is not installed in it, then you can download them via the Internet, both of which have been provided by the Ubuntu community and other communities.

The Ubuntu community have worked hard to Ubuntu already installed can function well without the need for cumbersome manual, although many users need to strive to use a variety of ways to make the computer function optimally. Ubuntu initiator of the hard work is now slowly starting to be seen when the current operating system Ubuntu Linux is one of the most frequently used.

Linux

Febri

Linux is software open source operating system that is free to be distributed under the GNU license. Linux is a derivative of Unix and can work on a wide range of computer hardware ranging from inter x86 up to RISC.

With the GNU (Gnu Not Unix) you can obtain a program, complete with source code. Not only that, you are given the right to copy as much as you want, or even modify its source code. And it's all legal under license. Although free, GNU license allows a party seeking to attract a fee for copying and sending the program.

A. History Linux
Linux was originally developed by a Finnish student named Linus Torvalds. Formerly Linux is a hobby project inspired by Minix, a small UNIX system that is developed by Andrew Tanenbaum.

0:01 Linux version is done around August 1991. Then on October 5, 1991, Linus announced the official version of Linux, which is version 0.02 which can only run the bash shell (the GNU Bourne Again Shell) and GCC (GNU C Compiler).

Currently Linux is a UNIX system is very complete, can be used for networking, software development and even for daily work. Linux is now an alternative operating system that is much cheaper when compared with commercial operating systems (eg Windows 9.x / NT / 2000 / ME).

Linux has a very rapid development. This is possible because Linux is developed by a diverse group of people. This diversity, including the level of knowledge, experience and geographical. So that these groups can communicate quickly and efficiently, the Internet becomes a very appropriate choice.

B. Advantages and Disadvantages of LINUX

a. Advantages

Is open source, free and open. so it does not have to cost to get it. LICENSE FREE and may be in permutations will.
Linux is now easy to operate. if used linux users synonymous with the hackers, but now many ordinary people who use it.
Almost all the usual applications run on Windows, Linux root apps already developed by a community of linux or you can also use a software emulator.
Has a superior security because in a multiuser design so that when a virus invades a specific user, will be very difficult to spread to other users.
Suitable for PC that has the minimum specification for Linux requires a resource that is smaller than Windows.
Linux can run in two modes.
Rarely crashes or hangs jamming which requires us to restart the computer because linux is more stable.
Having communities in various parts of the world.
There are various options such as Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, Centos, RedHat, openSUSE, Mandriva, and so forth.

b. Disadvantages

Many users are not accustomed to using linux.
Support hardware from certain vendors that are not too good on linux.
The installation process is not as easy as windows.
Applications in linux is not as efficacious as a Windows application.
For system administrators who are not familiar with UNIX-like, then it would not want to be learning first.
The directory structure and permissions are confusing for users who are accustomed to using windows.

Windows 8

Febri

Windows 8 is the name of the latest version of Microsoft Windows, a series of Microsoft officially released Windows 8 on October 26, 2012. The trial version of Windows 8 Consumer Preview and Release form Preview. On June 26, 2013, Microsoft released version Trial of Windows 8.1 (formerly known as Windows Blue), System operas produced by Microsof for use on a computer's private, including kompute homes and businesses, lapto, netboo, tablet P, serve, and PC medi center. This operating system uses a microprocessor AR besides traditional x8 artificial Inte microprocessor and AM. The user interface was changed to be able to be used on equipment other than mous Touch the screen and Keyboard, so Windows 8 is designed for touch tablet device. Windows 8 has several editions or versions, among others, are as follows:

Windows 8, the equivalent Windows 7 Starter, Home Basic, Home Premium.
Windows 8 Pro, the equivalent of Windows 7 Professional.
Windows 8 Enterprise, equivalent to Windows 7 Enterprise and Ultimate.
Windows 8 RT, a version of Windows specifically for the ARM processor.
Windows 8.1

Windows 7

Febri

Windows 7 is a combination of Windows XP and Windows Vista, Windows 7 has a better performance than Windows Vista. Windows 7 was released to computer manufacturers on 22 Jul 200 and released to the public on 22 Oktobe 200. Windows 7 is more focused on the development of basic Windows, with the aim to make it more compatible with applications and computer hardware that is compatible with Windows Vista Windows 7 is more focused on the support of multi-touch screen, a redesign of the taskbar (Superbar), use of personal networking system called HomeGroup, and performance improvements.

Some of the standard applications included in previous versions of Microsoft Windows, such as Windows Calendar, Windows Mail, Windows Movie Maker, and Windows Photo Gallery, no longer included in Windows 7.

Windows 7 can not be used with the amount of memory installed exceeds his ability. This amount is different in each version of Windows 7, and also has an effect on the architecture used (whether 32-bit or 64-bit).

Windows 7 has six versions of the same with Windows Vista. It's just that there are differences in name, if Windows Vista Business has a version of the Windows 7 version is called Professional. Versions include:

Windows 7 Ultimat
Windows 7 Professiona
Windows 7 Enterpris
Windows 7 Home Premiu
Windows 7 Home Basi
Windows 7 Starte

Windows Vista

Febri

Windows Vista was launched 8 November 2000 for business users, and January 30, 2000 for personal users. Windows Vista prefer the interface or graphics performance compared to the performance of the interface, its features include AERO, Sidebar, the security level is better than on Windows XP. Windows Vista uses Firewall with Advanced Security, Windows Defender, Parental Control, User Account Control (UAC), BitLocker Drive Encryption, ASLR. Windows Vista uses IPv6, the latest version of DirectX, and Arsitekstur 64-Bit. Windows Vista has several versions: namely:

Windows Vista Starter
Windows Vista Home Basic
Windows Vista Home Premium
Windows Vista Business
Windows Vista Enterprise
Windows Vista Ultimate

Windows server 2003

Febri

Lots of features offered in Windows Server 2003. Features windows server 2003 standard edition among others are the .Net platform, fiitur Domain Controller Server, PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) Server, Domain Name System (DNS), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) , Windows Internet Name service (WINS), Microsoft IIS, Windows Terminal services, Supports load sharing jaringa standard features of a server: file service, print service, or application server that can be installed (such as Microsoft Exchange server, SQL server, or any other application) , Windows Server 2003 has the code name Whistler Server start in the end of 2000. Windows Server 2003 contains a number of different editions or products, which is as follows:

Windows Server 2003 Enterprise
Windows Server 2003 Datacenter
Windows Server 2003 Web Edition
Windows Small Business Server 2003 (Windows SBS)
Windows Storage Server 2003
Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition

Windows XP

Febri

Windows XP offers many changes, features and performance, based graphics used on the computer's private, business desktop, lapto, and the media center. Windows XP was first released on 25 Oktobe 200, 400 million copies of installation used in Januar 200. Windows XP is available in various editions, among others are:

Windows XP Home Edition is targeted for private users.
Windows XP Professional offers additional features such as support for Windows Server domains and two physical processors, and is targeted for power users market, business and corporate clients.
Windows XP Media Center Edition features additional multimedi that offers the ability to record and watch shows T, see fil DV, and listening to musi.
Windows XP Tablet PC Edition is designed specifically for the Tablet PC platform, which is a personal computer using a stylus.
Windows XP Professional 64-bit Edition for IA-6 processor architecture (Itaniu)
Windows XP Professional x64 Edition to x86-6 architecture processors.
Windows XP Starter Edition is sold in some developing countries.
Windows XP Embedded, a version of Windows XP Professional which reduced all its here and there for a specific market.

Windows 2000

Febri

Windows 2000 (or Windows NT 5.0 build 2159) is a version of the system Window operas are an improved version of Windows N version 4.0 which was issued by Microsof dated February 17, 2000 in United States.

Windows 2000 has many additional features including:

1) Active Director's new
2) Image Preview
3) Plug and Play and Windows Driver Model better performance than before
4) Explore the new browser, which is Internet Explorer 5.0
5) Support for Microsoft Direct and Open GL (Windows NT 4.0 only supports acceleration Openg)
6) Windows Media Playe 6.4 integrated (can be installed in Windows NT 4.0
7) who have integrated Terminal Servic
8) Plug And Pla more sophisticated, so installing a particular hardware can be directly run without having to go through the process of restarting
9) Using hardware-based driver for Windows Driver Mode or also known as WDM
10) Support better power management, namely ACP (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) to save power.

Windows NT 3 – 4

Febri

Windows NT instead of Windows ME support arsitekrtur x86 (80 × 86), Intel IA64 and AMD64 (x64) and 32-Bit graphics. Windows NT was built on the development of the IBM OS / 2, and is widely used in computer networks. Windows NT also introduced NTFS File System better than FAT or FAT-32.

Windows NT 3.1 was released for Intel x86, DEC Alpha, and some platform that supports ARC (Advanced RISC Computing MIPS. While Windows 3:51 was launched to support the IBM computer PowerP especially for systems PReP like deskto or lapto IBM Power Series and series Motorol PowerStack. Although combining two technologies of the two companies, Windows NT 3.51 can not run on top of the Power Macintosh. Intergraph Corporatio then ported to the architecture of Intergraph Clipper his own and make porting Windows NT 3.51 to be able to walk on the architecture of SPAR (Sun Microsystems). Nonetheless , those products are not sold to the public as a retail product.

Windows NT 4.0 was released to support multiple platforms, but Microsoft only makes service packs and updates to the two variants (x86 and DEC Alph). In addition to the two variants of the service packs and updates made by a third party (Motorola, Intergraph, and others). Windows NT 4.0 is the release version of Windows NT that supports the DEC Alpha, MIPS, and PowerPC. Microsoft also makes Windows 2000 for DEC Alpha until months Agustu 199. Because Windows NT Compaq stopped support for the architecture of the Microsoft stopped development of the AlphaNT project.

Windows 98 - Windows SE

Febri

Windows 98 already supports VGA AGP-based, and supports file storage media such as USB, the introduction of NAT to share the Internet connection and the replacement Virtual Device Drivers with Windows Driver Model. There are also some additional features such as Microsoft Office applications and Internet Explorer version 5. Windows 98 also has the capabilities to play games and run multimedia applications.

Windows 95 – windows ME

Febri

Windows 95 was introduced on 14 Agustu 199. This operating system has a GUI that is more interesting and attractive, using the design of "Start" menu, innovative menu to access the program group (replacement Program Manager) supports long file names. Windows 95 also supports Plug and Play to detect the hardware installation and configuration automatically, has several facilities such as: integrated browser and Windows Explorer to browse Windows. In addition, Windows 95 features for managing power (APM) and also the introduction of the Client-Server.

Microsoft Windows (windows 1.x – windows 3.x)

Febri

Microsoft Windows 1.0 is the first version of the system operas in the world of operating systems based Graphical User Interface (GUI) created by Microsoft Corporation. This version was actually launched on 10 November 1998, but never came out to the public markets prior to November 1998, because of the many obstacles that occur when development takes place.

Microsoft Windows 2.0 is the second version of the operating system-based graphical user interface (GU) Microsoft Corporatio, which was released on December 9, 1987. The system was launched to supplement the shortage of suitable applications on Windows 1.0.

Windows 3.0 has the ability to support SVGA or XGA graphics card and also icon. Microsoft provides a SDK (Software Development Kit) so that software developers can develop applications that can run on Windows 3.0. This system introduces Virtual Device Driver (VXD) are useful to minimize the dependence on specific hardware drivers. This system evolved into Windows 3.1 which introduces the features Multimedia and True Type Font. This system allows the End-User for the Drag and Drop feature. Windows version 3.0 is developing into Windows 3.11 that supports networking applications.

History windows

Febri

The operating system is often used by people and countless easy to understand is this windos, Windows was divided into several parts, but for the type of operating system is already my last posting on the occasion that is about all kinds of operating systems.for this time tkj materials and learning computer wants to give insight into the field of computers again to you all that the historical development of the Windows operating system.

You should know that the Windows operating system was developed gradually, and this post actually connect my last post about the history of the operating system, but to be clear of all, let ktia discuss the historical development of the Windows operating system.

Mircorost Windows is the operating system developed by Microsoft Corporation that uses a graphical interface or known GUI (Graphical User Interface).

MS-Dos

Ms-Dos (Microsoft Disk Operating System) is a text-based Operating System and Command-Line interpreter. The first version of Windows, Windows Graphic Environmnet 1.0 is a software that works on Arsitekstur 16-Bit and is not an operating system and running on MS-DOS, so to run it require MS-DOS.

MS-DOS itself was actually created by a computer manufacturer Seattle Computer Products was recruited by Microsoft which subsequently purchased a license. MS-DOS was first released in the year 198, and over time, Microsoft also launched a newer version of MS-DOS. No fewer than eight times until Microsoft released a new version of MS-DOS from 1981 until Microsoft stop supporting MS-DOS in 200.

Getting to know Microsoft Power point

Febri

What was Microsoft Powerpoint? ms powerpoint usability. Understanding Ms Powerpoint is one program microsoft office application that is useful to make a presentation in the form of a slide. This application is typically used for presentation, teaching, and to create simple animations.

Presence Powerpoint presentation replaces old-fashioned way is with transparency projector or so-called OHP (Over Head projector). Given Ms Powerpoint, makes a presentation to be very easy because it is supported with features that are advanced and attractive. Read also: Understanding Microsoft Word

Microsoft powerpoint also provides templates to beautify your presentation. A variety of templates to choose from in the app Ms Powerpoint. You can also download templates powerpoint in for free here

Function Microsoft Powerpoint

What is the function of microsoft powerpoint? Ms Powerpoint usability or functionality are as follows.

Make a presentation in the form of slides
Add audio, video, images and animations in the presentation so that presentations more interesting and lively.
Easing in organizing and printing slide
Making presentations in softcopy form that can be accessed through a computer device

History Microsoft Powerpoint

Microsoft Powerpoint program was first developed by Bob Gaskins and Dennis Austin. At that time Ms Powerpoint used as a presenter for a company called Forethought, Inc. which was then renamed to Powerpoint.

The first version of Powerpoint, Powerpoint 1.0 was released in 1087. It was released for the Apple Macintosh operating systems. Powerpoint msih using black and white, which can create a page of text and graphics for OHP (Overhead Projector). The next version appeared a year later with the support of color.

On July 31, 1987, Microsoft acquired Forethought, Inc. and its software, Powerpoint, worth 14 million dollars. Powerpoint version 2.0 after it appeared on the market in 1990. Since that time Powerpoint has become inseparable part of the Microsoft Office package.

Advantages Microsoft Powerpoint

The advantages of Ms Powerpoint is

Easy to operate
There are a wide variety of designs and animations
There are a wide range of attractive templates
Can be made with a variety of formats
Can edit photos directly

Weakness Microsoft Powerpoint

The price is expensive. (Free if you are using a pirated version).

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Getting to know Microsoft Excel

Febri

Microsoft Excel is an application (software) that is part of the Microsoft Office software package. The manifold spreadsheet software. At the beginning made Microsoft Excel can stand alone and not be a part of Microsoft Office. But now, Microsoft Excel is already a package with Microsoft Office which consists of a variety of software that is today's office requirements. Applications that shaped this worksheet created and distributed by Microsoft for users of Apple Mac OS and Microsoft Windows. In this application available features charting and calculation features that are aggressive and progressive.

Microsoft Excel is an application to automatically process data that can be either basic calculations, formulas, user functions, data processing and tables, graphing and management of data.

The use of the formula itself can be an addition, subtraction, multiplication, and so forth. While the use of the functions may include the use of a formula aimed at calculating in the form of mathematical and non mathematical formula.

Microsoft Excel can also be used to solve a wide range of administrative tasks, from simple to complex. On the use of the simple purpose that was suppose to make the planning needs of an enterprise, such as planning of industrial goods, quantity and price.

Until now, Microsoft Excel has reached the 2013 version, while I still use version 2007. Well though different versions but the function remains the same, only distinguishable feature is definitely better than the previous version.

In Microsoft Excel workbook we work with the system, while inside there is a worksheet or workbook worksheet. In this worksheet we work with columns and rows that form a small boxed in the form of cells where we insert data.

Functions and Uses Microsoft Excel:

Microsoft Excel is already familiar in our daily lives, Microsoft Excel has many functions, among others,
1. Make a financial report
2. Make a List of Values
3. Make a list of attendees
4. Perform the operation time, for, rerataan quickly
5. Calculate Currency Exchange
6. Creating Charts and Tables of a calculation
7.Membuat bar charts, line charts and pie charts
8. Help us in solving problems of logic and mathematics
9. Make a presentation to be more practical and easier
10. Presenting the data properly, neatly and accurately

Because, Ms. Excel
1. Quickly find patterns in the data
2. Right on target point - the data is valid, the process was quick
3. We can access from anywhere we Spreadsheet
4. Co-authoring via Microsoft Excel Web application allows us to edit the same spreadsheet with others, though in a different location.
5.The PowerPivot for Excel add-in, free download, providing innovative technology such as streamlined integration of data from multiple sources and lightning-fast manipulation of large data sets with up to millions of rows.

Source: Understanding Microsoft Excel

Getting to know Microsoft Word

Febri

Microsoft Word is a word processing application that is very popular at the moment, Applications developed by microsoft is contained in a package containing microsoft office microsoft word, microsoft excel, power point microsoft, microsoft office microsoft office publisher access and others .. Will but of the many packages offered these microsoft word most often used by most people other than microsoft excel and power point. In the development of Microsoft Word undergone many developments over the years ranging from Microsoft Word 1998, Microsoft Word 2003, Microsoft Word 2007, Microsoft Word 2010 and Microsoft Word 2013. With the development of the database and Microsoft has added a new tool to enhance Microsoft Word so that more easy to use. With Microsoft Word can facilitate human labor in typing letters and other documents.

The function of Microsoft Word
The function of mirosoft word is a word processor so that all the work associated with word processing can be done with this application such as:

Make letter
Create table
Create text with different variations (word Art)
Insert images
And create documents

Benefits of Microsoft Word
The benefits of microsoft word is as follows:

1. ease in completing the work
With microsoft word we can create documents in accordance with what we want and we can edit and change if an error occurs before it is printed. You can also create a table with variations according to what you want.

2. Save Time at Work
By we use microsoft word we can save time in our work, we can use the function mail marge to make mass mailings that can save time when compared with having to type or write individual letters to be printed.

3. Menghemat Kertas dan Biaya.
With microsoft word we can save the paper used because we can save the results of our work in the form of a file that does not require a lot of paper to print documents for archive and also will save operating costs.

Speaker

Febri

Febri time computer times will discuss speaker protector. Why is important in assembling a protector speaker amplifier? Why relatik speaker has a resistance that is small, only 2ohm up to tens of ohms only.

If there is a relatively large dc current, and in the long term, it is likely that the speakers be rusak.Biasanya rolls which is on the speakers will be burned or broken.Well, in order to protect the speakers from buffeting dc moment, or damage the amplifier that gives rise to a dc voltage at the output, it is necessary speaker protector.

Leading electronics manufacturer that produces amplifiers, speakers usually include this in the circuit protector. so it is clear how important this protector speaker.

Interested to know how the circuit protector of the speaker? Let's discuss together.Here is an example of a simple scheme taken from google.

And this is an example of the physical manifestation speaker protector on the market.

Let us examine the workings of the speaker protector, T1 and T2 are active penditeksi when no load dc output amplifier.

T3 is T4 controller. T4 is the ultimate controller of the relay.

When on the first time there is the instantaneous voltage on the base of T1 relay off for a moment and then on, then when T1 tertriger TEG wishful dc at the base of active T1 T3 will lead off, because T3 off .

then T4 will also experience off, and eventually became off.maka relaypun speaker protector works, the speakers become disconnected with the amplifier output connections.

Computer Febri thus can convey, good luck to assemble speaker protector.
Regards, Febri computer

Component Computer

Febri

The motherboard is a device in the form of board (board) main electronics on a computer that has an individual number of slots that can be paired with other components such as processors, memory, sound card, display adapter, etc. As in the slot on the mainboard, there is a slot that is specifically used for the installation of the processor socket and slot called. The motherboard has some kind of different sockets, in accordance with the development of processors.

1. Function
The motherboard is the place to put the various components, such as processor, VGA card, sound card, and memory.
The motherboard act as a conduit to transfer data from components that work inside the computer, such as a processor to give orders to the components such as the memory or harddrive by using the path on the motherboard called the bus clock.

2. Component in the motherboard and function
A. Slot and the processor
Slot or socket is the place to put down and install the processor on the motherboard equipped with a locking latch mounted so that the processor does not move. Slot shape adapted to the type of processor that will be used.Slot type is typically used on processor type AMD early Athion generation and generation intel pentium II (as the generation of Celeron), and Pentium III early generation.However, this type of slot is not used again and again in the form of the socket.The following table the development of several types of motherboard socket that is used for the production of Intel and AMD processors.

B. Chipset Motherboard
Chipset is the part that serves to bridge the flow of data and regulate and control some of the main and auxiliary components on the motherboard.The chipset consists of the following components.
1) Northbridge chip (main chipset) is a chip that functions as a regulator of the flow and performance of the processor to connect with the main components, such as memory slots, an AGP slot and PCI slot.
2) Southbridge chip (chipset maid) to function as a regulator of the processor's performance data flow associated with the secondary component or components other than those already set by the northbridge chip, for instance controls IDE / hard drive, drive, DMA, USB, and interrupt.
3) Cache external memory / L2
Cache memory is the memory capacity is limited but has high speed and more expensive than the main memory.
4) CMOS/BIOS
CMOS/BIOS is a chip that contains the BIOS software and is made by the manucfacturer of the motherboard.CMOS is used to read and record the hardware components installed on the motherboard.Through this BIOS software, we can enable and disable some components in the motherboard.For example, we can disable the on-board VGA on the motherboard because we will be using a VGA card on the AGP slot.CMOS BIOS are often used on motherboards now is AMI BIOS, AWARD BIOS, and BIOS phoenix.
5) CMOS battery
CMOS Battery is a resource for the CMOS/BIOS and serves to store configuration settings CMOS/BIOS that does not change every computer is turned off. For example, when the computer is turned off, then the computer will still follow the date, time when turning on the computer. In addition, the computer will also continue to identify the components in the motherboard when the component is turned off so that the computer continues to run normally.
6) Slot Memory / SIMM and DIMM
Memory slot rectangular thin and has many pin (leg) is yellow, orange or anyone using blue and black. This slot is used to put the memory card.